Background and career
François Marie Charles Fourier (; French: [ʃaʁl fuʁje]; 7 April 1772 – 10 October 1837) was a French philosopher regarded as having founded the concept of utopian socialism. His views, held to be radical in his lifetime, have appeared more frequently in the contemporary world—the use of the word feminisme in Fourier's 1837 edition of his Théorie des quatre mouvements et des destinées générales (Theory of the Four Movements and the General Destinies) has been regarded as formative on the development of feminism.
Fourier's social views and proposals inspired a movement of intentional communities. Among them in the United States were the community of Utopia, Ohio; La Reunion near present-day Dallas, Texas; Lake Zurich, Illinois; the North American Phalanx in Red Bank, New Jersey; Brook Farm in West Roxbury, Massachusetts; the Community Place and Sodus Bay Phalanx in New York State; Silkville, Kansas, and several others. In Guise, France, he influenced the Familistery of Guise. Fourier later inspired a diverse array of revolutionary thinkers and writers.

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