Background and career
Pierre Bayle (; French: [pjɛʁ bɛl]; 18 November 1647 – 28 December 1706) was a French philosopher, author, and lexicographer. He is best known for his Historical and Critical Dictionary, whose publication began in 1697. Many of the more controversial ideas in the book were hidden away in the voluminous footnotes, or they were slipped into articles on seemingly uncontroversial topics. Bayle is commonly regarded as a forerunner of the Encyclopédistes of the mid-18th century.
A Huguenot, Bayle fled to the Dutch Republic in 1681 because of religious persecution in France. Bayle was a notable advocate of religious toleration, and his skeptical philosophy had a significant influence on the subsequent growth and development of the European Age of Enlightenment.
Leibniz's Théodicée was formed in response to Bayle. Voltaire called Bayle "the greatest dialectician to have ever written." The English translation of The Dictionary was identified by American President Thomas Jefferson to be among the one hundred foundational texts to form the first collection of the Library of Congress.
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