Background and career
Hüseyin Rauf Orbay (27 July 1881 – 16 July 1964) was a Turkish naval officer, statesman and diplomat of Abkhaz origin. During the Italo–Turkish and Balkan Wars he was known as the Hero of Hamidiye for his exploits as captain of the eponymous cruiser. Orbay briefly served as Minister of Navy in October 1918, and signed the Armistice of Mudros on behalf of the Ottoman Empire.
He played an important role in the Turkish War of Independence, during which he served as the prime minister of the Ankara government between 12 July 1922 and 4 August 1923.
During the Republican period he was one of the founders of the Progressive Republican Party. He was put on trial for his involvement in an alleged assassination attempt against Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and sentenced to ten years in prison. Orbay was rehabilitated in 1939 and served as an MP for Kastamonu and then ambassador to London.
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