Background and career
Abu al-A'la Mawdudi ((1903-09-25)25 September 1903 – (1979-09-22)22 September 1979) was a Pakistani Islamic scholar who served as the emir of Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan from 1947 to 1972. He previously served as the founding emir of Jamaat-e-Islami in British India from 1941 to 1947, when the organization was split.
Mawdudi was born in Aurangabad, Hyderabad State into a Chishti Sufi clerical family. Regarded as a precocious child, he Arabic, Persian and Islamic law in his teenage from his father and other Islamic scholars. He gained multiple ijazahs (Islamic degree) in a number of Islamic sciences. Mawdudi was interested in politics from an early age and sought to establish a dawah organization, the Jamaat-e-Islami, that would oppose the Indian National Congress and the All-India Muslim League. At the time of the Indian independence movement, Mawdudi and the Jamaat actively worked to oppose the partition of India. However, following the partition, Mawdudi pledged allegiance and moved to Pakistan and shifted his focus to politicising Islam, generating support for making Pakistan an Islamic state. Mawdudi's ideas are thought to have influenced the decision of General Zia-ul-Haq to begin the process of Islamisation in Pakistan. Mawdudi died in the United States in 1979 and was given a state funeral, led by Yusuf al-Qaradawi, at the Kaaba in Mecca.
A highly prolific author, Mawdudi was the author of dozens of works, including Tafhim-ul-Quran, his exegesis of the Quran. He was the world's first recipient of the Saudi King Faisal International Award for his service to Islam in 1979. Mawdudi was also part of establishing and running of Islamic University of Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Mawdudi's writings influenced the Iranian Revolution. He is acclaimed by the Muslim Brotherhood, Hamas, Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, Islamic Circle of North America and other Islamist organisations.
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